Salze und Immissionen: Unterschied zwischen den Versionen
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Autor: NN | Autor: NN | ||
Immissionen sind die Einwirkungen von Emmissionen z.B auf Kulturgütern. | |||
Stoffe werden aus natürlichen und anthropogenen Quellen emittiert (Emissionen), über kürzere oder längere Strecken transportiert und sie kommen in einem lokalen Umfeld an (Immission). Die Deposition geschieht trocken oder nass, als partikelförmige bzw. flüssige Aerosole oder gasförmig. Dabei gibt es große Unterschiede zwischen ländlichen und industriellen Standorten sowie innerhalb und außerhalb von Gebäuden. Nach Untersuchungen von '''Arnold (1991)''' ist für den Unterschied in der Belastung der Luft mit Schadsalzen bzw. schadsalzbildenden Stoffen mit einem Faktor von 80 zwischen außen und innen zu rechnen. | |||
''Immisionsbelastung (nach Stoffregen 1991)'' | |||
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%" | |||
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|Mittelwerte<br><nowiki>[</nowiki>µg/m³<nowiki>]</nowiki> | |||
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Duisburg'''<br> | |||
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFFF99" colspan = "3"|'''Holzkirchen'''<br> | |||
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Lübeck Rathaus'''<br> | |||
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Erfurt''' | |||
|- | |||
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFFF99"| | |||
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCFFFF"|W | |||
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCFFFF"|S | |||
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCFFFF"|W | |||
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCFFFF"|S | |||
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCFFFF"|'''17.10.-17.11.89''' | |||
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCFFFF"|H | |||
|- | |||
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Staub''' | |||
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCFFFF"|129 | |||
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCFFFF"|121 | |||
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCFFFF"|25 | |||
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCFFFF"|28 | |||
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCFFFF"|51 | |||
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCFFFF"|139 | |||
|- | |||
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''SO'''<sub>'''2'''</sub> | |||
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCFFFF"|151 | |||
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCFFFF"|58 | |||
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCFFFF"|4 | |||
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCFFFF"|8 | |||
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCFFFF"|28 | |||
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCFFFF"|177 | |||
|- | |||
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''NO''' | |||
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCFFFF"|33 | |||
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCFFFF"|45 | |||
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCFFFF"|6 | |||
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCFFFF"|4 | |||
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCFFFF"|18 | |||
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCFFFF"|33 | |||
|- | |||
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''NO'''<sub>'''2'''</sub> | |||
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCFFFF"|52 | |||
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCFFFF"|47 | |||
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCFFFF"|9 | |||
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCFFFF"|21 | |||
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCFFFF"|31 | |||
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCFFFF"|72 | |||
|- | |||
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''O'''<sub>'''3'''</sub> | |||
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCFFFF"|19 | |||
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCFFFF"|31 | |||
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCFFFF"|44 | |||
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCFFFF"|85 | |||
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCFFFF"|22 | |||
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCFFFF"|21 | |||
|- | |||
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''CO''' | |||
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCFFFF"|1597 | |||
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCFFFF"|1116 | |||
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCFFFF"|250 | |||
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCFFFF"|515 | |||
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCFFFF"|1140 | |||
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCFFFF"|1747 | |||
|- | |||
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''CnHm''' | |||
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCFFFF"|157 | |||
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCFFFF"|476 | |||
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCFFFF"|50 | |||
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCFFFF"|392 | |||
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCFFFF"|659 | |||
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCFFFF"|384 | |||
|- | |||
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''NH'''<sub>'''3'''</sub> | |||
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCFFFF"|5,6 | |||
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCFFFF"|13,6 | |||
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCFFFF"|<nowiki>-</nowiki> | |||
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCFFFF"|8,1 | |||
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCFFFF"|<nowiki>-</nowiki> | |||
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCFFFF"|2,9 | |||
|- | |||
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''HNO'''<sub>'''3'''</sub> | |||
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCFFFF"|0,3 | |||
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCFFFF"|6,2 | |||
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCFFFF"|1,0 | |||
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCFFFF"|1,8 | |||
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCFFFF"|1,3 | |||
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCFFFF"|0,6 | |||
|- | |||
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''SO'''<sub>'''4'''</sub><sup>'''2-'''</sup> | |||
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCFFFF"|9,5 | |||
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCFFFF"|15,8 | |||
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCFFFF"|2,1 | |||
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCFFFF"|4,9 | |||
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCFFFF"|7,9 | |||
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCFFFF"|2,9 | |||
|- | |||
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''NO'''<sub>'''3'''</sub><sup>'''-'''</sup> | |||
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCFFFF"|3,2 | |||
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCFFFF"|6,7 | |||
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCFFFF"|2,7 | |||
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCFFFF"|1,9 | |||
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCFFFF"|7,7 | |||
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCFFFF"|6,0 | |||
|- | |||
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Cl'''<sup>'''-'''</sup> | |||
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCFFFF"|5,4 | |||
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCFFFF"|2,2 | |||
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCFFFF"|0,3 | |||
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCFFFF"|0,2 | |||
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCFFFF"|1,4 | |||
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCFFFF"|2,4 | |||
|- | |||
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''NH'''<sub>'''4'''</sub><sup>'''<nowiki>+</nowiki>'''</sup> | |||
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCFFFF"|2,5 | |||
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCFFFF"|5,7 | |||
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCFFFF"|1,2 | |||
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCFFFF"|2,0 | |||
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCFFFF"|4,7 | |||
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCFFFF"|6,7 | |||
|- | |||
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''<nowiki>[</nowiki>ng/m³<nowiki>]</nowiki>''' | |||
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCFFFF"| | |||
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|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCFFFF"| | |||
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCFFFF"| | |||
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCFFFF"| | |||
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCFFFF"| | |||
|- | |||
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Ca''' | |||
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCFFFF"|4888 | |||
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCFFFF"|3939 | |||
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCFFFF"|447 | |||
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCFFFF"|549 | |||
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCFFFF"|569 | |||
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCFFFF"|4024 | |||
|- | |||
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Mg''' | |||
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCFFFF"|1124 | |||
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCFFFF"|721 | |||
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCFFFF"|132 | |||
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCFFFF"|158 | |||
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCFFFF"|155 | |||
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCFFFF"|735 | |||
|- | |||
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Na''' | |||
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCFFFF"|2228 | |||
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCFFFF"|2016 | |||
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCFFFF"|265 | |||
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCFFFF"|302 | |||
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCFFFF"|1165 | |||
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCFFFF"|1529 | |||
|- | |||
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''K''' | |||
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCFFFF"|1187 | |||
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCFFFF"|843 | |||
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCFFFF"|197 | |||
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCFFFF"|184 | |||
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCFFFF"|452 | |||
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCFFFF"|1054 | |||
|} | |||
W – Winter, S – Sommer, H – Herbst | |||
Emmissionen können weisen je nach Ort und Zeit unterschiedliche Zusammensetzungen auf die auch unterschiedlich stark auf die Objekte einwirken können. | |||
Die wichtigsten Emmissionen sind: | |||
*SOx | |||
*NOx | |||
* | |||
[[Salzschäden durch Essigsäurehaltige Immissionen]] | |||
[[Category:SalzHerkunft]] [[Category:Immission]] [[Category:R-HSiedel]] [[Category:R-SLaue]] [[Category:Bearbeitung]] | [[Category:SalzHerkunft]] [[Category:Immission]] [[Category:R-HSiedel]] [[Category:R-SLaue]] [[Category:Bearbeitung]] | ||
Version vom 6. Juli 2010, 14:46 Uhr
Autor: NN
Immissionen sind die Einwirkungen von Emmissionen z.B auf Kulturgütern.
Stoffe werden aus natürlichen und anthropogenen Quellen emittiert (Emissionen), über kürzere oder längere Strecken transportiert und sie kommen in einem lokalen Umfeld an (Immission). Die Deposition geschieht trocken oder nass, als partikelförmige bzw. flüssige Aerosole oder gasförmig. Dabei gibt es große Unterschiede zwischen ländlichen und industriellen Standorten sowie innerhalb und außerhalb von Gebäuden. Nach Untersuchungen von Arnold (1991) ist für den Unterschied in der Belastung der Luft mit Schadsalzen bzw. schadsalzbildenden Stoffen mit einem Faktor von 80 zwischen außen und innen zu rechnen.
Immisionsbelastung (nach Stoffregen 1991)
| Mittelwerte [µg/m³] |
Duisburg |
Holzkirchen |
Lübeck Rathaus |
Erfurt | ||
| W | S | W | S | 17.10.-17.11.89 | H | |
| Staub | 129 | 121 | 25 | 28 | 51 | 139 |
| SO2 | 151 | 58 | 4 | 8 | 28 | 177 |
| NO | 33 | 45 | 6 | 4 | 18 | 33 |
| NO2 | 52 | 47 | 9 | 21 | 31 | 72 |
| O3 | 19 | 31 | 44 | 85 | 22 | 21 |
| CO | 1597 | 1116 | 250 | 515 | 1140 | 1747 |
| CnHm | 157 | 476 | 50 | 392 | 659 | 384 |
| NH3 | 5,6 | 13,6 | - | 8,1 | - | 2,9 |
| HNO3 | 0,3 | 6,2 | 1,0 | 1,8 | 1,3 | 0,6 |
| SO42- | 9,5 | 15,8 | 2,1 | 4,9 | 7,9 | 2,9 |
| NO3- | 3,2 | 6,7 | 2,7 | 1,9 | 7,7 | 6,0 |
| Cl- | 5,4 | 2,2 | 0,3 | 0,2 | 1,4 | 2,4 |
| NH4+ | 2,5 | 5,7 | 1,2 | 2,0 | 4,7 | 6,7 |
| [ng/m³] | ||||||
| Ca | 4888 | 3939 | 447 | 549 | 569 | 4024 |
| Mg | 1124 | 721 | 132 | 158 | 155 | 735 |
| Na | 2228 | 2016 | 265 | 302 | 1165 | 1529 |
| K | 1187 | 843 | 197 | 184 | 452 | 1054 |
W – Winter, S – Sommer, H – Herbst
Emmissionen können weisen je nach Ort und Zeit unterschiedliche Zusammensetzungen auf die auch unterschiedlich stark auf die Objekte einwirken können.
Die wichtigsten Emmissionen sind:
- SOx
- NOx